ಉಡುಪಿ ಸಮಾಜ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ವೇದಿಕೆ------ ಈ ಬ್ಲಾಗ್ ಉಡುಪಿ ಸಮಾಜ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ವೇದಿಕೆ .ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಮಾಡಿರುವ ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯ ಹಲವು ವೈಶಿಷ್ಟ್ಯಗಳ ಜೊತೆಗೆ ರಾಜ್ಯ, ದೇಶದ ಹತ್ತು ಹಲವು ಮಾಹಿತಿಗಳನ್ನು ನಿರಂತರವಾಗಿ ತೆರೆದಿಡುವ ನಮ್ಮ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನಕ್ಕೆ ತಮ್ಮ ಆಶೀರ್ವಾದ, ಬೆಂಬಲವಿರಲಿ ಎಂದು ಬಯಸುವ------------ ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲಾ ಸಮಾಜ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರು
ಮಂಗಳವಾರ, ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 19, 2013
ಭಾನುವಾರ, ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 17, 2013
SSLC Notes
ಸಮಾಜ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ವಿಷಯ ವೇದಿಕೆ ಉಡುಪಿ, ಇದರ ಸದಸ್ಯರಾಗಿರುವ ಶ್ರೀ ಶೇಖರ ಭೋವಿ , ಸಹಶಿಕ್ಷಕರು
ಬಾಲಕಿಯರ ಸರಕಾರಿ ಪದವಿ ಪೂರ್ವ ಕಾಲೇಜು ಉಡುಪಿ ಇವರು ಹತ್ತನೇ ತರಗತಿ ಆಂಗ್ಲ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ ಸಿದ್ಧ ಪಡಿಸಿರುವ ಉಪಯುಕ್ತ ಪಾಠ ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿಗಳು
GEOGRAPHY LESSON NO.08 Transport&Communication
-->
I.Write about the following.
1. Lord Dalhosie
2. Grameena sadak 3. Kandla 4. Navasheva 5. Haldia 6. Rajasansi
7. Bombay
samachar.
II.1. The two types
of roads are surfaced and surfaced roads.
2. The surface
roads are called all seasons roads because it these roads are useful
in all the seasons.
3.Bombay and
Thane were connected by the first railway line in India.
4. Shatabdi
Express and Rajdhani express are the two examples for super fast
express trains in India.
5.Oil, natural gas
and mineral ores are important commodities carried by pipelines.
6.Mumbai is the
biggest natural port of India.
7. Chennai is the
oldest port of India.
8. The term
Akashavani was first coined in Mysore.
III 1. Orissa 2.
Chatrapathi Shivaji Air port 3. Himachal Pradesh 4. Border Road
Development Authority. 5. Tamilunadu 6. Hoogly.
IV 1. We find three
important type of transport In India. They are Land, Water and
Air. The land transport further divided into road, railway and
Pipeline. Water transport is further divided into inland, costal and
Ocean. Air transport is further divided into national and
international .
2. Water transport
is divided into inland, costal and Ocean.
3.The types of
roads on the basis of construction and maintenance are 1. National
Highways. 2. State Highways 3.District roads and 4. Village roads.
4.i).Roads are
essential for the progress of villages and agriculture. Ii) Roads are
essential for the development of industries. Iii) Roads are feeders
to railways. iv) It provides door to door service.v) It is very
convenient for the short distance travel and carry to light goods.
5. It is useful for
the transportation of oil, natural gas and mineral ores. They rule
out transhipment delays and losses that occur due to shift from one
vehicle to another.
6.There is a decline
in inland waterways in recent years or losing its importance
because i) The construction of railways and roads, parallel to
inland waterways. Ii) The construction of dams across the rivers.
7. STD means
Subscribers Trunk Dialing. It enables the subscribers to communicate
with each other directly with in the country.
8. Air transport in
India has some disadvantages .They are 1) Air transport is very
expensive when compared to other means of transport 2) It is
difficult to transport bulky and heavy goods by air. 3) The pressure
from other means of transport. So itis not popular in India.
9. Radio are of
great help in educating and entertaining masses. They show a variety
of programmes such as entertainment, educational and informative
programmes. They also give information regarding weather, market
trends , political and international events.
10. Television
shows variety of programmes such as entertainment, educational and
informative programmes. They give information regarding weather,
market trends , political and international events. They arrange
discussion programmes with different categories of people on various
subjects.
11. Dredging is the
removal of sands and mud from river bed. It is very popular along the
banks of river Hoogly in Kolkatha port.
12.Email helps to
send messages from one place to another place at greater speed. It is
primarily a service to store and forward messages. The messages are
sent and stored electronically in the mail box waiting for the time
they are retrieved. The messages , pictures, information regarding
business and entertainment programme can be sent.
13 The main
functions of the Border Road Development Authority are to construct
roads along the borders for the purpose of defence. The greatest
achievement was it constructed one of the highest road in the world
from Manali of Himachal Pradesh to Leh of Kashmir.
V
1) i) Railways are
very helpful to provide infrastructural facilities. Ii) They are
very helpful to transport agricultural products to the market. Iii)
They supply chemical fertilisers to agriculture.iv) They help to
supply raw materials to industries. V) They distributes finished
goods to consumers.vi) They play very important role in both internal
and external trade. Vii) They are excellent means for the movement of
people. Viii) Railway helps in the development of road transport.
2) i) Steam
engines are replaced by disel engines and railway tracks have been
electrified. Ii) Air condition coaches and sleeper coaches have been
provided. Iii) Automatic signalling and communication system have
been provided. Iv) many single tracks have been converted into double
tracks and meter gauges into broad gauges. V) super fast trains have
been introduced. Vi) pantry service provided. Vii) Security force
provides security. Viii) many facilities provided in the railway
stations.
3) It connects the
computers of the world with each other. Thousands of Universities ,
Government organizations, business centres as well as people all
over the world are able to get or exchange information.
4) News papers
provide printed information about various aspects . They contain
news items, editors and readers views, sports news, articles on
health, science and education and technology information. News papers
are printed in all the languages and with growing literacy in India.
The people are informed about day to-day happening with in the
country and outside.
VI 1. Water
transport is classified into three types. They are : Inland
waterways, costal shipping and Ocean waterways.
- Waterways provide navigation facilities by means of boats and ships.
They are the cheapest means of transport because they do not involve expense on construction.- They can carry huge quantity of goods to any foreign country easily and safely.
- Nearly 85% of India’s foreign trade is carried through waterways.
- A number of rivers and canals are suitable for inland waterways.
- India has long coast line it is suitable for coastal shipping and ocean transport.
2. explain any four ports of east coast
ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಪತ್ರಿಕೆಗಳು
ಹತ್ತನೇ ತರಗತಿ ಸಮಾಜ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ ಈ ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಲಿಂಕ್ ನ್ನು click ಮಾಡಿರಿ
.sslc question paper
ಶನಿವಾರ, ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 9, 2013
ಸಮಾಜ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಜಾತ್ರೆ
ಸರಕಾರಿ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆ ಎರ್ಮಾಳು ಬಡಾ ಉಡುಪಿ
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ದಿನಾಂಕ:27/12/2012 ರಿಂದ ದಿನಾಂಕ:29/12/2012ರ ವರೆಗೆ ಸಮಾಜ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ವಸ್ತು ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನ ನಡೆಸಲಾಗಿತ್ತು. ಈ ಸಂದರ್ಭದ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯ ಕ್ಷಣಗಳ ವಿವರವನ್ನು ಸಮಾಜ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರಾದ ಶ್ರೀ ಸಂಪತ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಪಾಂಗಾಳ ಇವರು you tube ಗೆ upload ಮಾಡಿದ್ದು ಅದಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ಈ ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಲಿಂಕ್ ನ್ನು click ಮಾಡಿರಿ.
ಸಮಾಜ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಜಾತ್ರೆ
ಶುಕ್ರವಾರ, ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 8, 2013
ಪ್ರೌಢ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣದಲ್ಲಿ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ತರುತ್ತಿರುವ IT FOR CHANGE
ಬದಲಾವಣೆಯ ಹೆಜ್ಜೆ
ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಪ್ರೌಢ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಯ ಗಾಳಿ ಬೀಸುತ್ತಿದೆ. ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣಕ್ಕೆ ಸರ್ವಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಅಭಿಯಾನದ ಮೂಲಕ ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹ ನೀಡಿದ ಮೇಲೆ , ಮುಂದುವರಿದ ಭಾಗವಾಗಿ ಇಂದು RMSA ಅಂದರೆ "ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮಿಕ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಅಭಿಯಾನ"ದ ಮೂಲಕವಾಗಿ ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಸಾಧಿಸುವ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನಗಳು ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಿವೆ. ಆ ಪ್ರಯುಕ್ತ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ ಜೀವನದ ಮಹತ್ವದ ಘಟ್ಟವಾಗಿರುವ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಹಂತದಲ್ಲಿ ತರಗತಿ ಕೋಣೆಯ ಕಲಿಕೆಯನ್ನು ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆದಾಯಕವಾಗಿ ಮಾಡುವ ಜೊತೆಗೆ , ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿಯೂ ಮಾಡುವ ಸಲುವಾಗಿ, ಗುಣಾತ್ಮಕ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣವನ್ನು ನೀಡುವ ಸಲುವಾಗಿಯೂ , ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನ ಆಧಾರಿತ ಕಲಿಕೆಗೆ ಒತ್ತು ನೀಡಲಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆ.ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನ ಆಧಾರಿತ ಕಲಿಕೆಗೆ ಪೂರಕವಾಗಿ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರನ್ನು ತರಬೇತಿಗೊಳಿಸಲು,ತರಗತಿ ಕೋಣೆಯ ತಮ್ಮ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳನ್ನು ,ಸವಾಲುಗಳನ್ನು ಎದುರಿಸಲು ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರನ್ನು ಅಣಿಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆ.ಇದಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ರಾಜ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ RMSA ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮದ ಅಡಿ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರಿಗಾಗಿ , ವಿಷಯ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರ ವೇದಿಕೆ ರಚಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ಗಣಿತ,ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ, ಸಮಾಜ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರ ವಿಷಯ ವೇದಿಕೆಗಳು ರಾಜ್ಯ ಮಟ್ಟದಲ್ಲಿ ರಚಿತವಾಗಿವೆ.ಭಾಷಾ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರ ವೇದಿಕೆಗಳನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆ.ವಿಷಯ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರ ವೇದಿಕೆಯನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಿ, ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರಿಗೆ ಗಣಕ ಯಂತ್ರ ಮೂಲಕ ತರಬೇತಿ ನೀಡುವ ಹೊಣೆ ಹೊತ್ತಿರುವ , ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರಿಗೆ ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ತಂತ್ರಾಂಶವನ್ನು ಪರಿಚಯಿಸುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಯನ್ನು ತರುತ್ತಿರುವ ,ನಮ್ಮನ್ನು ಪ್ರೇರೆಪಿಸಿರುವ ಹೊಣೆಹೊತ್ತಿರುವ IT FOR CHANGE ನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗಾಗಿ ಈ ಕೆಳಕಂಡ ಲಿಂಕ್ ನ್ನು click ಮಾಡಿರಿ.
IT FOR CHANGE
ಗುರುವಾರ, ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 7, 2013
KARNATAKA EDUCATION
ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ತಂತ್ರಾಂಶವನ್ನು ನಮಗೆಲ್ಲರಿಗೂ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಿರುವ , ರಾಜ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಷಯ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರ ವೇದಿಕೆಯನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಿ, ನಮಗೆಲ್ಲರಿಗೂ ಯಶಸ್ವಿ ತರಬೇತಿ ನೀಡುತ್ತಿರುವ IT FOR Change ನವರ ಮೂಲಕ ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಸಮಾಜ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರ ವಿಷಯವೇದಿಕೆ ಹಾಗೂ ವಿವಿಧ ಮೂಲಗಳಿಂದ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಿರುವ ಸಮಾಜ ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಗಾಗಿ ಈ ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಗೆ ಭೇಟಿ ನೀಡಿರಿ.
karnatakaeducation.org.in
karnatakaeducation.org.in
ಸೋಮವಾರ, ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 4, 2013
ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯ ಇತಿಹಾಸ
Udupi district in the Karnataka state of India was created in August 1997. The three northern taluks, Udupi, Kundapur and Karkal, were separated from Dakshina Kannada District to form Udupi district. Udupi district is surrounded by Uttara Kannada district in north, Dakshina Kannada district in southern direction. Shivamogga district borders on north east side and chikamagalur district on east. Arabian sea is on west of Udupi district. Udupi is famous for Udupi cuisine originated in the district as well as at Ashta Matha, i.e., eight Matts,Sri Krishna Temple and Udupi Hotels. Udupi is also one of oldest Educational Centres. Yakshagana, the drama and dance folk art is highly developed and popular in Udupi district as well as other coastal districts of Karnataka. The administrative headquarters of Udupi district is Udupi town. Population as per Census 2001 was 1,112,243 of which 18.55% were urban.[3]
According to the 2011 census Udupi district has a population of 1,177,908,[4] roughly equal to the nation of Timor-Leste[5] or the US state of Rhode Island.[6] This gives it a ranking of 403rd in India (out of a total of 640).[4] The district has a population density of 304 inhabitants per square kilometre (790 /sq mi) .[4] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 5.9%.[4] Udupi has a sex ratio of 1093 females for every 1000 males,[4] and a literacy rate of 86.29%.[4]
Geography
Udupi district is bound by Arabian sea in west and Western Ghats (world heritage site) in the east. Land nearer to sea is plain with small hills and paddy fields, coconut gardens etc. Land bordering wesern ghats in the east is covered with forests and hilly terrain; the forests are very thick in some parts and Someswara Wildlife Sanctuary is located near Hebri and Someshwara and Mukambika Wild Life sanctuary is established near Kollur. The area surrounding Kollur is also thickly forested and villages are located in between forest area. Some parts of Kundapur Taluk and Karkala taluk are looking like Malenadu both in appearance covered with forests and greenary as well as in culture also. The district is harbouring rare species of flora and fauna. Tiger, King Cobra, deer, bison are some of the wild life seen in the district. Flora include rose wood, teak wood, some of rare plants and fungus.Climate
Udupi is having tropical climate.[7]Divisions
Udupi was created out of the Dakshina Kannada district in the year August 1997. Udupi district consists of three taluks: Udipi, Karkala and Kundapura. Karnataka Legislative Assembly constituencies in Udupi district are: Kaup, Kundapur, Karkala, Baindur and Udupi. Brahmavara assembly constituency has now been merged with Udupi and Kundapura constituencies. Udupi, Karkala, Kaup and Kundapura assembly segments are now part of the Udupi-Chickmagalur parliamentary (Loksabha) constituency, whereas Baindur is now part of Shimoga Loksabha constituency. These changes took place during Loksabha general elections held in 2009..Education
Udupi has a literacy rate of 92%, high compared to other districts of Karnataka. Udupi also tops the 10th and 12th standard exams held every year by the Karnataka State Education Board.GHS VALAKADU Udupi ,KSPM GHS PERVAJE Karkala ,GPUC BRAHMAVAR are some notable Government High schools in Udupi.Udupi district is home to internationally renowned educational institutions. The Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) runs schools, colleges and institutes of higher learning. Similarly, the Nitte Education Trust, located at Nitte, heads a large number of educational institutions.Last year Udupi district first in SSLC result in State.
Notable Personalities
Literature
Udupi district has richly contributed to Kannada literature. Jnanapeetha award winner, Dr. K.Shivarama Karanth is from Kota, a small village in this district. Important Writers- Dr. K.Shivarama Karantha, Jnanapeetha Award winner, writer,novelist,environmentalist,dance reformer etc.
- Gopalakrishna Adiga, Poet
- Prof. A.V.Navada.
- Santosh Kumar Gulvadi. Journalist,writer
- B.Janardhana Bhat. Literary critic
- Jayarama Karanth,poet
Art and Culture
the famous dance and drama art is very popular in this district.
Several Yakshagana troups are established in this district. Yakshagana
teaching schools are also established in this place. Nagaradhane, a form of worshipping serpant god
is celebrated all along the district with much pomp and grandeur.
Nagaradhane is conducted entire night and thousands of people watch the
worship which includes dance by vaidya, pooja by priest, various forms
of rangoli drawings etc. Bhoothakola, aatikalenja, Kadyanata etc. are other forms of nature worship prevailing in the district.Beaches
- Malpe: About 6 km from Udupi town, Malpe is an important fishing and trading harbour.
- St. Mary's Island: An island on the Arabian Sea near to Malpe
- Kaup (pronounced "Ka-Aap"): About 12 km from Udupi with a beach and a lighthouse
- Maravanthe: About 42 km from Udupi. The NH-17 is flanked on the left side by the Arabian Sea and on the right side by the Souwparnika River.
Religious places
- Udupi Shree Krishna Temple.
- Pajaka: About 12 km from Udupi. This is the place where Madhvacharya preached his Dvaita philosophy.
- Kollur: About 74 km from Udupi, nestled among the Western Ghats. It is considered the abode of Goddess Mookambika and attracts tourists from Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
- Karkala: About 37 km from Udupi. Jain basadis (temples) and Gomateshwara (giant statues) are notable features. Other important places are Padutirupathi Sri Venkataramana Temple, Attur St. Lawrence Church, Sri Hosamarigudi Temple, Sri Ucchanggi Mariamma Temple, Sri Ananthapadmanabha Temple, Sri Padmavathi Temple, Sri Mahalingeshwara Temple, Sri Siddhivinayaka Temple, Sri Umamaheshwara Temple and Salmar Jama Masjid.
- Anegudde: About 30 km from Udupi. Famous for the temple of Lord Ganesha.
- Attur Church: About 25 km from Udupi. Famous for its yearly fair, attended by people from all religious groups.
- Barkur: About 15 km from Udupi. The erstwhile capital of historical Tulu Nadu, Barkur is dotted with temples and Jaina basadis.
- Saligrama : About 27 km from Udupi, with a Lord Guru Narasimha swami temple.And SriVishnu Murthy Temple Parampalli nearly 800years old famous for Harake known as "Dosa"for Furtility( Birth to child)Had large number of deoties all over india & abroad
- Pernankila : There is an ancient Ganapathi temple in this village.
- Perdoor : Anantha Padmanabha temple is 22k.m from udupi towrds agumbe -shimoga state highway Monthly Sankramana is very famous in the state.
- Hiriadka : Veerabadhra temple is one of the oldest temple located about 16 km from Udupi.
- Shankaranarayana : Temple built on water (or lake) is the attraction of Shankaranarayana, where Shankara and Narayana are worshipped, located about 40 km from Udupi.
- Maranakatte : Located near western ghats, in deep forest area, this place is known for nature worship. This is at a distance of 45 km from district Head quarters.
- Mandarthi:About 20 km From Udupi With Godeses Ammanavaru(Durgaparameshwari)
Wildlife sanctuaries
The Udupi district has thick evergreen forests in the eastern part. They form part of Sahyadri or Western Ghats of India. These forests have wide range of flora and fauna.- Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary: About 40 km from Udupi. It contains rare species of animals, birds and medicinal plants.
- Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary: About 50 km from Udupi. Spread along the Kundapur-Kollur road, this sanctuary is generally off the tourist map.
Waterfalls
- Kudlū Theerthā Falls: About 42 km from Udupi. A waterfall located deep in the jungles of Western Ghats, close to Hebri town. This is a beautiful water fall in any standards, and may become very weak during Feb-May. With a height of about 300 feet, it falls directly into a pond which is considered holy by local people, because, sages meditated here thousands of years ago. There is one more water fall above Kudlu theertha, called Manga theertha (monkey theertha) named so because, only monkey can reach it as the path is very steep inside the forest.
- Barkana Falls: About 54 km from Udupi. Located in the Western Ghats at the junction of Udupi, Shivamogga and Chikkamagaluru districts, the falls are a 45-minute walk from the Udupi-Shimoga state highway.
- Belkal Theerthā Falls: About 50 km from Udupi. Cascading waterfalls, located deep in the Western Ghats. This falls is about 400 feet and there will be no water during Feb-May.
- Arasina Gundi, near Dali village off Kollur, is a beautiful waterfall within the forest.
- Jomlu Theertha :Near Belve village about 35 km from Udupi,[10] a small water fall about 20 feet height created by River Seethanadi. This is second water fall of this river, first one being Kudlu Theertha.
- Kosalli Water falls near Byndoor, Kundapur Taluk is a beautiful spot situated at the northern boundary of the district.
River islands
The rivers Swarnā, Chakrā, Sitā, Varāhi and Kubjā contain beautiful and often unexplored river islands. Called Kudrūs, some of the islands are inhabited but lack basic facilities such as drinking water, electricity and transport. Examples of the islands include Skool Kudrū, Kannada Kudrū, Katte Kudrū, Benne Kudru, Bavali Kudru, Shetty Kudrū, Uppina Kudru, Kuru, Jaru Kudru etc.ಸಂಗ್ರಹ
Udupi district - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udupi_district.
ಇದಕ್ಕೆ ಸಬ್ಸ್ಕ್ರೈಬ್ ಆಗಿ:
ಪೋಸ್ಟ್ಗಳು (Atom)